Feasibility of creating large-tonnage vessels of the fishing fleet for distant-water fishery in the Atlantic Ocean

Currently, two main forms of fishing are widely known – autonomous and distant-water. The distant-water form of conducting research was popular during the Soviet Union. However, taking into account the economic changes after the collapse of the USSR, they decided to abandon the distant-water form of fishing, since most of the fishing vessels were transferred to commercial organizations, and floating fish processing bases were very outdated and were decommissioned. Large freezing fishing trawlers (hereinafter LFFT), built during the Soviet era, which are currently in operation, continue to conduct autonomous fishing in remote areas of the Atlantic Ocean and deliver finished products to shore independently. In this paper, the feasibility of returning to the distant-water form of fishing is considered, in which the extraction and processing of fish is carried out by vessels of the LFFT type, and the delivery of finished products to shore is carried out by transport refrigerators (hereinafter TR). To determine the feasibility of using TR, it is necessary to evaluate the economic indicators of LFFT in an autonomous form of production, as well as to consider the economic indicators from the joint operation of LFFT and TR. The Northern Region, the Central Region, and the Southeastern region of the Atlantic Ocean are considered as fishing areas. Murmansk and Kaliningrad are designated as the settlement ports of registry, since foreign ports are closed due to sanctions. The article considers the calculation of economic indicators for conducting autonomous fishing of the LFFT type «Pulkovo Meridian», as well as conducting distant-water fishing by several LFFT with the trans- fer of finished products to the TR type «50 years of the USSR». The economic calculation is performed according to the main indicators of income and expenses of both vessels for one voyage and operational period. Based on the results of the analysis of the calculations performed, the task of designing vessels to ensure the best economic indicators of fishing in the Atlantic Ocean is set.

1. Kasatkina S. M. [i dr.]. Konventsial'nye rayony vne IEZ rybolovstva v Atlanticheskom okeane i Yuzhnoy Patsifike kak perspektiva razvitiya otechestvennogo rybolovstva [Conventional fishing areas outside the EEZ in the Atlantic Ocean and Southern Pacific as a prospect for the development of domestic fisheries]. Materialy AtlantNIRO. Available at: http://atlant.vniro.ru (Accessed 01 December 2023).

2. Konventsiya o rybolovstve v severo-vostochnoy chasti Atlanticheskogo okeana. Available at: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/901880160?marker (Accessed 01 December 2023).

3. South Atlantic Fishery Management Council. Fish rules. Available at: https://safmc.net/regulations/ (Accessed 01 December 2023).

4. Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization. Convention. Available at: https://www.nafo.int/ (Accessed 01 December 2023).

5. Flot rybnoy promyshlennosti: spravochnik tipovykh sudov [Fishing fleet: handbook of standard vessels]. Pod red. B. A. Antipova. Moscow, Transport Publ., 1990, 381 p.

6. Ivanov V. P. Optimizatsionnoe proektirovanie rybolovnykh sudov: uchebnoe posobie [Optimization design of fishing vessels: textbook]. Kaliningrad, KGTU Publ., 2005, 190 p.

7. Ivanov V. P. Tekhniko-ekonomicheskie osnovy sozdaniya rybolovnykh sudov: uchebnik [Technical and economic foundations of the creation of fishing vessels: students’ book]. Kaliningrad, KGTU Publ., 2010, 275 p.

8. GKU CC "Kuban Agricultural information and Consulting Center". Overview of the global and Russian fish and seafood markets as of 05.12.2023. Available at: http://www.kaicc.ru/ceny-na-myaso-i-moloko/obzor-rynka-ryby-po-44 (Accessed 07 December 2023).

9. Tarify strakhovykh vznosov. Federal'naya nalogovaya sluzhba Rossiyskoy Federatsii. Available at: https://www.nalog.gov.ru/rn77/taxation/insprem/ (Accessed 07 December 2023).

10. Stepanova L. A. Ekonomicheskie obosnovaniya pri proektirovanii sudov: uchebnoe posobie [Economic justifications for the design of ships: textbook]. Kaliningrad, KGTU Publ., 2002, 47 p.

11. Sudovoe dizel'noe toplivo. Available at: http://oil.krab.ru/oil_table/94/ (Accessed 01 December 2023).

12. Flotskiy mazut. Available at: https://toplivo777.ru/katalog/mazut (Accessed 01 December 2023).

13. Bronnikov A. V. Proektirovanie transportnykh sudov: uchebnik [Design of transport vessels: students’ book]. Leningrad, Sudostroenie Publ., 1991, 320 p.

14. Rakov A. I. Sevast’yanov N. B. Proektirovanie promyslovykh sudov: uchebnik [Designing fishing vessels: students’ book]. Leningrad, Sudostroenie, 1981, 376 p.

15. Stoimost' pogruzochno-razgruzochnykh rabot v portu g. Murmanska. Available at: https://mmrp.ru/services/tarify/214/ (Accessed 05 December 2023).

16. Stoimost' pogruzochno-razgruzochnykh rabot v Kaliningradskom morskom portu. Available at: https://www.kscport.ru/index.php/ru/uslugi (Accessed 05 December 2023.