Transformation of iron mobility in agroecosystem soils under the influence of manure effluents

The most important environmental problem of industrial animal husbandry is the need to dispose of large volumes of manure and manure effluents. Currently, most of the manure runoff is used as fertilizers in limited areas located near livestock enterprises. The increased load from manure and manure effluents leads to the transformation of natural biogeochemical cycles of trace elements, in particular Fe, in agroecosystems. As a result of the research, it has been found that the systematic introduction of significant norms of cattle and pig manure leads to the accumulation of organic matter, an increase in pH and a decrease in the content of mobile forms of Fe in arable soil horizons, compared with acidic sod-podzolic soils of control sites. Higher pH values were typical for arable land fertilized with cattle manure. In manure-fertilized soils, the content of mobile iron was 18–25 mg/kg, in the soils of control sites – 122–133 mg/kg. There were no significant differences between the content of mobile Fe in soils fertilized by manure runoff of different animal species. The Fe content in the green mass of corn at the end of the growing season ranged from 90 to 490 mg/kg. Correlations between the mobility of Fe in the agrozem and accumulation of this metal in the green mass of plants have not been observed. The higher Fe content was in corn grown in agrozeme fertilized by pig manure runoff and having lower pH values. The effect is probably due to the increased lability of Fe chelate complexes with fulvic acids in an acidic environment, which facilitates the absorption of the element by the root system of plants. The study of the patterns of dynamics and the state of trace elements, including Fe in agrocenoses, will reduce the risks of chemical degradation of agrozems and increase the efficiency of organic fertilizers. 

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