Dactylis glomerata L. occurs in various habitats, in communities of various types of vegetation (absolute and normal upland). However, the adaptive capabilities of the species under the conditions of technogenic load have not been studied enough. Studies have been carried out to study the structure of coenopopulations of the polycarpic loose sympodially branching grass Dactylis glomerata under the conditions of the Kaliningrad region in biotopes. These biotopes are part of biocenoses confined to roadside areas with a gradation of the degree of technogenic load. All habitats of the species are represented by four key areas experiencing varying degrees of air pollution (vehicle emissions). The relevance of the study was to determine the morphometric and phytocenotic parameters that characterize the stability of the object of study. Population heterogeneity was assessed in terms of morphometric parameters and age structure. The age structure of the coenopopulations of the species in the considered habitats is characterized by a high proportion of generative individuals with an insignificant participation of the virginal group, which is explained by increased competitive relations and weak seed renewal. A comprehensive assessment of the state of coenopopulations showed a variation in the projective cover, abundance, while maintaining the young and mature age groups, which, under different ecotopic conditions, made it possible to attribute it to populations of the normal type. Variation of morphometric parameters is observed under conditions of different biotopes. Coenopopulations in culture are in an optimal state, which corresponds to the coincidence of aut- and synecological optimums. During the growth of the species in communities confined to roadside areas, significant differences have been noted in the studied morphometric parameters (number of internodes, length of the leaf blade, height of vegetative and generative shoots and their number). 

Palaemon elegans is a species of shrimp inhabiting the waters of the South-Eastern Baltic since the 1990s. Shrimp is a benthophagus-polyphage, including detritophagus and necrophage. It plays an important role in trophic chains, and is also used as an object of commercial fishing and amateur fishing. Eurythermal and euryhaline species, capable of withstanding temperature increase up to 22 °C in the Baltic, and salinity fluctuations from 1 to 12%. In the course of the research, it has been found that in the period 2010–2022 in samples from the coastal part of the Baltic Sea off the coast of the Curonian Spit, the sex ratio more often approached equal, the body length of the shrimp was 9.8–50.0 mm (the length of the carapace was 3.1–11.6 mm). The weight structure of males was quite stable, the weight of females in different years of the research varied greatly in accordance with their size. Spawning lasted from June to August, during this period many females managed to mature and spawn at least twice. Fertility reached 1500 eggs, the size of newly laid eggs was 0.45–0.58 mm x 0.55–0.60 mm (large diameter x small diameter). A comparison of a number of biometric characteristics (total body length, carapace length, body weight), reproductive characteristics in P. elegans from the coastal part of the South-Eastern Baltic near the Curonian Spit and from other settlements in the South-Eastern Baltic, including in the Kaliningrad Bay, showed sufficient similarity of data. 

The most important environmental problem of industrial animal husbandry is the need to dispose of large volumes of manure and manure effluents. Currently, most of the manure runoff is used as fertilizers in limited areas located near livestock enterprises. The increased load from manure and manure effluents leads to the transformation of natural biogeochemical cycles of trace elements, in particular Fe, in agroecosystems. As a result of the research, it has been found that the systematic introduction of significant norms of cattle and pig manure leads to the accumulation of organic matter, an increase in pH and a decrease in the content of mobile forms of Fe in arable soil horizons, compared with acidic sod-podzolic soils of control sites. Higher pH values were typical for arable land fertilized with cattle manure. In manure-fertilized soils, the content of mobile iron was 18–25 mg/kg, in the soils of control sites – 122–133 mg/kg. There were no significant differences between the content of mobile Fe in soils fertilized by manure runoff of different animal species. The Fe content in the green mass of corn at the end of the growing season ranged from 90 to 490 mg/kg. Correlations between the mobility of Fe in the agrozem and accumulation of this metal in the green mass of plants have not been observed. The higher Fe content was in corn grown in agrozeme fertilized by pig manure runoff and having lower pH values. The effect is probably due to the increased lability of Fe chelate complexes with fulvic acids in an acidic environment, which facilitates the absorption of the element by the root system of plants. The study of the patterns of dynamics and the state of trace elements, including Fe in agrocenoses, will reduce the risks of chemical degradation of agrozems and increase the efficiency of organic fertilizers. 

The Kaliningrad Bay occupies the northeastern half of the Vistula Lagoon, the largest shallow lagoon-type basin located in the southeastern part of the Baltic Sea. This is a transboundary water body with a large anthropogenic load. Bottom sediments serve as a natural state indicator of aquatic ecosystems and the level of anthropogenic influence. The surface layer of bottom sediments, its dynamics, and the spatial distribution of granulometric types are of the greatest interest for understanding modern sedimentation processes. The paper presents a detailed map of modern bottom sediments, where the following lithological types are identified: boulder-pebble, sand, silty sand, sandy silt, silt, and clayey silt. Relict deposits in the form of small areas with boulders, clusters of pebbles, and gravel are of limited distribution. Sands are distributed in shallow depths along the shores. The largest areas of the bottom are covered with medium and fine sands, large and very fine sands are not widely distributed. In the central most deeper parts of the bay sediments consisting of the finest particles – silt and clayey silt are developed. Clayey silt has a very limited distribution; it covers small areas of the bottom of the southwestern part of the Kaliningrad Bay at depths of 3.8–4.6 m. A significant part of the bottom is covered by shells – thanatocenosis with a predominance of freshwater mollusks Dreissena polymorha, gastropods Bithynia tentaculata, Potamoryrgus jenkinsi, and ostracods. The main factors influencing the distribution of bottom sediments in the bay are the peculiarities of hydrodynamic activity and the diversity of the material composition of sediments coming from the main feeding sources (river runoff, coastal abrasion, and atmospheric deposition). 

The paper presents the technology of collagen-containing caviarmayonnaise sauce from underused aquatic waste (burst, watered, immature caviar and scales of freshwater fish) which is used as a filling in preserves. The technology consists in the fact that pike-perch hard roe of different stages of maturity is thawed, washed with water and cut manually with a knife, separating the roe from the caviar films. The cleaned caviar is mixed with water (mass ratio 1:1.2), if necessary, 1% sodium chloride is added to the mixture and heated to 70 °C. Collagen-containing fiber obtained from pike-perch scales (1–1.5% of the total mass) is added to the hot mass, the resulting mixture (caviar base) is homogenized and cooled to room temperature. The caviar base is mixed with mayonnaise "Mr. Ricco Organic Provence Classico, 67%" (hereinaftermayonnaise) in a mass ratio of 70:30 and 0.3% dry citric acid is added, bringing the pH of the mixture to 3.7–4.0. The resulting caviar-mayonnaise sauce is added to Atlantic herring preserves in a mass ratio of 30:70. If necessary, and in order to give the caviar base additional organoleptic properties, the gastronomic base called "Paprika" is added to it in the amount of 0.3% of the total mass of the mixture. A recipe for caviarmayonnaise sauce has been formulated, consisting of: caviar base – 69.8%, mayonnaise – 28.9%, citric acid – 0.3%. The amino acid score of the protein of caviarmayonnaise sauce has been calculated. Caviar-mayonnaise sauce contains 3 times less fat and 3.3 less carbohydrates, while increasing protein by 1.94 times compared to mayonnaise. 

Chitin-containing raw material is mainly represented by crustaceans. These are crabs, shrimps, crayfish, krill, gammarus, etc. Russia is the world leader in the production of premium-class king crabs and northern shrimps, which are in high demand among the population. After cutting this raw material, up to 50% of the mass of chitin-containing waste remains. This waste is practically not processed in our country, but is mainly disposed of. A valuable chitin-containing raw material is small Antarctic krill, the catch of which in Russia, in accordance with the Strategy for the Development of Fisheries of the Russian Federation until 2030, should begin in the near future. Russia is also rich in small amphipod gammarus, but only a small part of it is used in aquarium feed. Secondary chitin-containing raw materials (waste from cutting crabs, shrimp), as well as small crustaceans (krill and gammarus) are valuable organic raw materials for obtaining feed products in aquaculture. It is important to assess the potential of this raw material, taking into account the possibility of processing it into feed additives by deep thermal hydrolysis. The paper shows that this raw material contains complete proteins with essential amino acids, lipids with polyunsaturated fatt`y acids, minerals, glycogen carbohydrates and chitin aminopolysaccharide, carotenoids and other biologically active substances. The paper presents an analysis of the raw material catch, its chemical composition; describes the areas of use, and suggests rational directions for its processing for food, feed and technical purposes. The results of the experiments on the use of hightemperature hydrolysis for processing crab and shrimp waste, Antarctic krill with the production of peptide-protein and protein-mineral additives are presented. The paper shows the expediency of the use of hydrolysis products as components in specialized nutrition, compound feed for fish farming and animal husbandry, and fertilizers. 

In salted fish, it is possible to reduce the sodium content, both by replacing ions with other macronutrients, and without using any substitute additives, based on consumer preferences. The present work presents a marketing study of salinity using the example of Atlantic herring, Baltic sprat and Atlantic salmon. As a result of tasting surveys, in which more than one hundred and thirty people took part, it has been found that fish with a mass fraction of sodium chloride of 1.7 % or more can be classified as salted fish, and the vast majority of respondents prefer salted fish with a mass fraction of salt 2.5–3.5 %. When carrying out work to replace sodium chloride with food additives, it is proposed to focus on the taste characteristics of salted fish with a mass fraction of salt of about 3 %. Potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium lactate, potassium bitartrate, glucose, glycine, monosodium glutamate (potassium) are considered as potential substitutes for sodium chloride and additives that compensate for the lack of a salty taste or mask a bitter aftertaste. Salts of glutamic acid have the most pronounced effect of smoothing the salty-bitter taste brought by potassium and magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate. A decrease in water activity was noted when using chloride and potassium bitartrate, calcium lactate. In addition, potassium bitartrate and calcium lactate in acceptable dosages significantly reduce the active acidity of fish, which is an additional barrier factor in maintaining the quality of salted fish during storage. The results of this work can be used to further develop the technology of salted fish of increased consumer value with a low content of sodium chloride. At the same time, chloride and potassium bitatrate can possibly be potential salt substitutes from among those considered; and as additives masking a bitter taste, it is possible to use glutamates and glucose. 

When building control systems and electrical equipment of ships, special attention is paid to the unification of equipment and its high reliability. The most important part is programmable logic controllers, since their use provides high reliability and fairly simple maintenance of control devices, accelerates installation and commissioning of equipment. The purpose of this work is to modernize the control system of an emergency diesel generator with the introduction of a programmable logic controller. The reason for the modernization of the control system is its low efficiency and low reliability. In the course of the work, the analysis of control systems from different manufacturers and consideration of optimal technical solutions have been carried out. The main design and technical and operational indicators have been taken into account, such as high reliability of the system and safety in use. An algorithm for starting the engine has been built, including the automatic start of the emergency diesel generator, the algorithm of the emergency diesel generator control system during normal and emergency shutdown of the diesel generator. Each algorithm has a detailed explanation of the components included in it. In the process of programming the microcontroller using the «Logo Soft Comfort» a number of schemes has been implemented: the inclusion of the circuit in operation, the starter lock circuit, the diesel start circuit, the automatic and manual stop circuit, the alarm circuit. Each circuit has a detailed description of both the blocks and the processes taking place in it. As a result of our research, the emergency diesel generator control system has been upgraded using the example of the «Rix Lake» vessel, technical documentation has been reviewed; control and monitoring programs for the emergency diesel generator for the logic module have been built. All these will increase such an important factor as reliability, increase maintainability and informativeness. At the end of programming, emulation has been carried out, which showed that this system is capable of implementing the task for which it has been configured in accordance with the rules of the Register of the Russian Federation. 

The relevance of the article is caused by the need to restructure the structure of the economy due to the expanding proxy war between the United States and Russia, in which European countries are increasingly involved. This war developed into a tough civilizational war and set a number of tasks for restructuring the economy and reorganizing production. The aim of the work is a new approach to the problem of the development of Russian entrepreneurship, based on the civilizational matrix of the peoples of Russia, in which the non-economic facets of entrepreneurship - morality, culture, spirituality - play an important role. The object of the research is organization of innovation activity. The subject of the research is formation and development of inclusive innovation activity in Russia in the context of bifurcation. The cascade of bifurcations in the country's economy, which has arisen since the collapse of the USSR, has been studied. An analysis has been made of the sanctions policy of Western countries aimed at the comprehensive weakening of the economy and the disunity of Russian society, the destructiveness of this policy for the world community and sustainable development. The United States and the EU, which have managed to turn their monetary units into world currencies, have the possibility of printing their currencies uncontrolled by the world community and throwing their currencies on the world market, regardless of the volume of goods and services they produce, and increasing military spending. The paper also shows the necessity of taking urgent measures to accelerate the development of modern industries in Russia. Institutional development, accelerating the development of creative and adaptive innovations with the release of new exponential technologies and the expansion of public-private partnerships can ensure rapid changes in the structure of the economy, emergence of new industries and modernization of existing enterprises. The necessity of mobilizing intellectual capital and developing inclusive innovation activities in order to ensure the sustainable development of Russia in the face of emerging new challenges has been substantiated.